| Nuclear fusion takes place when light atomic | | | | it doesn’t have a central-grid to cause losses. |
| nucleus collides with each other to combine to | | | | Then the ions, under electrostatic acceleration, can |
| form a heavier atomic nucleus releasing a | | | | reach great kinetic energy with inexpressive |
| tremendous amount of energy. For fusion | | | | energy consumption. Also, there is no recirculation |
| reactions to take place are needed kinetic energy | | | | of electrons to induce excessive electromagnetic |
| and confinement to achieve collisions at the | | | | radiation. |
| required rate. Nuclear fusion reactions have an | | | | Due to use of electrostatic acceleration, the |
| energy density many times greater than nuclear | | | | CrossFire Fusor is able to fuse not only |
| fission. The nuclear fission involving uranium-235 | | | | conventional fuels such as deuterium-tritium, but |
| and plutonium-239 produce more radiation hazards | | | | also aneutronic fuels like boron hydrides, helium-3 |
| and radioactive waste than a conventional | | | | and lithium hydrides. Aneutronic fusion reactions |
| neutronic nuclear fusion involving deuterium and | | | | release millions of times more energy than the |
| tritium, and the conventional neutronic nuclear | | | | fossil fuels, almost not emit neutrons and the |
| fusion produce more neutrons than an aneutronic | | | | products of the reaction is mainly helium-4 that is |
| nuclear fusion involving boron hydrides, helium-3 | | | | safe and clean. |
| and lithium hydrides, which products are a | | | | |
| non-radioactive waste helium-4. Both release | | | | The fusion reaction products are positively |
| millions of times more energy than chemical | | | | charged which can be deflected by magnetic and |
| reactions. | | | | electric fields. Then a conversion to electricity is |
| The CrossFire Fusor is a nuclear fusion reactor | | | | relatively simple. The conversion is done during the |
| designed by Moacir L. Ferreira Jr. for fusing atomic | | | | neutralization by a positive electric voltage to slow |
| nucleus in order to produce enormous quantities | | | | down and an electron gun to neutralize. The |
| of energy without pollution and no neutron | | | | current of electrons and the electric voltage is |
| hazards. | | | | equal to electric power (P=V×I). |
| | | | CrossFire Fusor provides solutions for two |
| This fusion reactor is comprised by six | | | | drawbacks that are common to nuclear fusion: |
| superconducting magnets disposed to form a | | | | 1. Ionic saturation, excess of ions in the chamber, |
| magnetic cusp region in where positive ions are | | | | which could be solved by a stronger |
| injected. At the magnetic cusp region is applied a | | | | superconducting magnet, by decreasing the |
| negative voltage and at the opposite end of each | | | | specific ionization of the plasma and by having an |
| magnet is applied a positive voltage. The ions are | | | | adequate escape mechanism. |
| accelerated electrostatically towards the negative | | | | 2. Electromagnetic radiation losses, that could be |
| potential passing through the magnetic cusp | | | | reduced by a reflective internal coating in order to |
| reaching the chamber interior, where the ions are | | | | reflect the electromagnetic radiation back to the |
| confined radially by magnetic fields and | | | | plasma. |
| longitudinally by electric fields, that is a | | | | The advantages of the CrossFire Fusor over |
| three-dimensional confinement. The ion injection is | | | | others fusion approaches are: |
| done continuously surrounding the magnetic cusp | | | | 1. Three-dimensional injection and confinement, |
| region to perform a three-dimensional injection. | | | | which increase the probability and velocity of the |
| The positive voltage confines only reactants | | | | fusion reactions. |
| allowing the products from the fusion reactions to | | | | 2. Escape mechanism, which reduces the ionic |
| escape. | | | | saturation and instabilities of energy, and provides |
| | | | both with efficiency, propulsion and electricity |
| The ions are injected with great kinetic energy | | | | generation. |
| (600KeV), but in small quantities, and calculations | | | | 3. A method for electricity conversion that can |
| are done for the magnetic and electric fields to | | | | exceed 95% of efficiency. |
| confine the ionized plasma, keeping it away from | | | | 4. Simple and consistent calculations, which give a |
| the chamber walls. | | | | reasonable degree of predictability. |
| The CrossFire Fusor was based on stellated | | | | As an alternative source of energy, this fusion |
| polyhedrons, accelerating electrostatically | | | | reactor could replace the 10 billion tons/year of |
| reactants inwardly to the central edges and | | | | carbon dioxide from fossil fuels to only 7600 tons |
| products escaping at peripheral vertices after | | | | year of clean, inert, safe and light helium gas, |
| overcoming the confinement of electric fields. | | | | which can reduce drastically the Global Warming |
| Although this reactor uses electrostatic | | | | Problem. |
| acceleration like the Farnsworth–Hirsch Fusor, | | | | |