CV of Prof. Dr Mohammed Shokry Ahmed Ammar

CV of Prof. Dr. Mohammed Shokry Ahmedof spicule formation in the demosponge Suberites
Ammardomuncula: silicatein-collagen-myotrophin. Progress
Title: Marine Environmental and Biologicalin Molecular and Subcellular Biology, 33: 195-221
Consultant / Professor of Marine Invertebrates -3) Billinghurst, Z.; Ammar, M.S.A and Mueller, W.E.G.
Coral Reefs(2000). Application of cell culture for coral reef
Personal informations Family name: Ammar Name:ecology. In: Aquatic Invertebrate Cell Culture,
Mohammed Shokry Ahmed Ammar Date andCarmel Mothersill and Brian Austin Edition, Praxis
place of birth: 22-August-1962 Nationality: EgyptianPublishing, Chichester, UK, 271-291
Personal status: Married Work address: National4) Ammar, M.S.A. and Nawar, A.H. (1997).
Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Suez,Quantitative study for the distribution of
P.O.Box 182, Egypt Mobile: 0020 10 2660980reef-building corals at Abu Galawa, Hurghada, Red
E-mail: Spoken languages: Arabic (mother tongue),Sea. In: Modern aspects in monitoring of
English (very good), German (good), French (fair)environmental pollution in the sea. Herausgegeben
International Honourships: 1- Top 100 Worldwidevon W.E.G. Mueller,
Scientists 2008, awarded by the InternationalMathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse,
Biographical Centre, Cambridge, England 2- WorldSitzunsberichte 8. Akademie Gemeinnuetziger
leading Scientists 2007/2008, 10th anniversaryWissenschafen zu Erfurt. Mainz, Germany.
edition of “Marquis Who is Who for ScienceTranslations
and Engineering, USA 3- 2000 Outstanding1- Manual of the Best Environmental Practices for
Worldwide Scientists 2008, awarded by theHouse Reefs in the Egyptian Red Sea (2008) 2-
International Biographical Centre, Cambridge,House Reef Staff Induction Presentation (2008)
England 4- International Scientists, 2008, awarded3- House Reef Guest Induction Presentation
by the International Biographical Centre,(2008)
Cambridge, EnglandList of Publications
Memberships1) Ammar, M.S.A. (1998). Human impact on coral
1- International Biographical Centre, Cambridge,reef communities. Egyptian Journal of Zoology, 30:
England starting from the year 2008 2- Sinai191-208
Environmental Center (SEC) (2003-2006) 3-2) Ammar, M.S.A. (1998). The outbreak of
Sscientific registrations committee of the Nationalcoown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster planci
Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries(Echinodermata, Asteroidea) on corals at Shabrour
(2004-2007) 4- Committee of reconsideration ofUmm-Gam’ar, Red Sea. Egyptian Journal of
the two presidential decrees 436/1986, 102/1989Zoology, 31: 265-277
of organizing the National Institute of3) Ammar, M.S.A. and Nawar, A.H. (1998).
Oceanography and Fisheries and its executiveQuantitative study for the distribution of
regulations of the (2003-2005) 5- Employee affairsreef-building corals at Abu Galawa, Hurghada, Red
committee of the National Institute ofSea. Proceeding of the 8th International
Oceanography and Fisheries (2003-2005) 6-Conference on: “Environmental Protection is a
Scientific missions committee of the NationalMust”. Organized by National Institute of
Institute of Oceanography and FisheriesOceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Euro-Arab
(2004-2006) 7- Syndicate of Scientific Profession,Cooperation Center (VEA), International Scientists
Egypt 8- Member staff in Johannes GuettenbergAssociation (ISA) and Social Fund for
University, Germany in the frame of coral reefDevelopment (SED), Pages 222-233, Sheraton,
restoration project for a periode of 4 monthsAlexandria, Egypt, 5-7 May, 1998, 222-233
starting from March 1999 9- Member staff in4) Ammar, M.S.A.(1998). Effect of recreational
Johannes Guettenberg University, Germany in thediving activities on Hurghada and Safaga coral
frame of coral reef restoration project for areefs. Proceeding of the 8th International
periode of 3 months starting fromConference on: “Environmental Protection is a
16-September-1999Must”. Organized by National Institute of
History of Scientific PositionsOceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Euro-Arab
1- 22-5-1989: Research Assistant, Coral ReefCooperation Center (VEA), International Scientists
Ecology, National Institute of Oceanography andAssociation (ISA) and Social Fund for
Fisheries, Egypt 2- 18-5-1994: Assistant Lecturer,Development (SED), Pages 222-233, Sheraton,
Coral Reef Ecology, National Institute ofAlexandria, Egypt, 5-7 May, 1998, 427-439
Oceanography and Fisheries, Egypt 3- 20-8-1997:5) Ammar, M.S.A. and Nawar, A.H. (1999). Coral
Lecturer, Coral Reef Ecology, National Institute ofpopulations at Gasus 2 and El-Fanadir sites,
Oceanography and Fisheries, Egypt 4- 17-12-2002:Northern Red Sea and their major controls.
Associate Professor, Marine Invertebrates/CoralJournal of the Egyptian German Soceity of
Reefs, National Institute of Oceanography andZoology, Vol. 28(D), Invertebrate Zoology and
Fisheries, Egypt 5- 22-6-2008: Professor, MarineParasitology, 47-57
Invertebrates/Coral Reefs, National Institute of6) Abo-Hegab, S.A.K.; Mikhail, W.Z.A. and Ammar,
Oceanography and Fisheries, Egypt 6- 2003: ViceM.S.A. (1999). Community structure and species
director of the National Institute of Oceanographydiversity of reef-building corals at Sharm El-Sheikh,
and Fisheries, Red Sea and Suez & Aqaba GulfsRed Sea, Egypt. Zoology in the Middle East, 17:
Branch, Suez, Egypt 7- 2004-2005: Head of99-108
Hurghada Marine Research Station, National7) Mikhail, W.Z.A.; Abo-Hegab, S.A.K. and Ammar,
Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Egypt. 8-M.S.A. (1999). Distribution of reef-building corals at
2009: Vice director of the National Institute ofsome locations of the Red Sea, Egypt. Zoology in
Oceanography and Fisheries, Red Sea and Suez &the Middle East, 17: 109-119
Aqaba Gulfs Branch. 9- Current Position: Professor8) Jameson, S.C.; Ammar, M.S.A.; Saadalla, E.;
of Marine Invertebrates/Coral Reefs, ViceMostafa, E.H. and Riegl, B. (1999). A coral damage
Director of the National Institute of Oceanographyindex and its application to diving sites in the
and Fisheries, Red Sea and Suez & Aqaba GulfsEgyptian Red Sea. Coral Reefs, 18: 333-339
Branch, Suez, Egypt9) Billinghurst, Z.; Ammar, M.S.A. and Mueller, W.E.G.
Education(2000). Application of cell culture for coral reef
1- B.Sc in Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairoecology. Aquatic Invertebrate Cell Culture, Praxis
University, Egypt (1984) 2- M.Sc. in coral reefPublishing, Chichester, UK, 271-291
ecology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University,10) Ammar, M.S.A.; Amin, E.M.; Gundacker, D. and
Egypt (January, 1994). Title: Population studiesMueller, W.E.G. (2000).One rational strategy for
among shallow reef corals at Ain El-Sukhna, Redrestoration of coral reefs: application of molecular
Sea 3- Ph.D in coral reef ecology, Faculty ofbiological tools to select sites for rehabilitation by
Science, Cairo University, Egypt, (April, 1997). Title:asexual recruits. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 40(7):
Ecology and distribution of reef-building corals at618-627
some locations of the Red Sea, Egypt 4-11) Schillak, L. and Ammar, M.S.A. (2000). Coral
Postdoctoral fellowship in molecular biology andreef rehabilitation off Hurghada, Egypt, Red Sea.
immunology of corals, Johannes GuettenbergInternational Symposium on the Extent and
University, Germany (2001-2002) 5- 3 star diver,Impact of Coral Bleaching in the Arabian Region,
CMAS, 1998 6- Rescue diver, PADI, 2000 7-5-9 February 2000, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi
PADI Medic First Aid for diving accidents, 2000 8-Arabia
Underwater photography and video filming dives,12) Ammar, M.S.A. and Amin, E.M. (2000).
Marine Science Station, Aqaba, Jordan, 2000 9-Community structure and species diversity of
Design and management of artificial reefs forreef-building corals at Marine Biological Station,
fisheries, Spain (2007)Hurghada, Red Sea. International Symposium on
Projectsthe Extent and Impact of Coral Bleaching in the
Numerous international and regional projects onArabian Region, 5-9 February 2000, Riyadh,
different aspects of coral reefs including:Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
1) Marine Environmental and Biological Consulting 2)13) Wiens, M; Ammar, M.S.A.; Nawar, A.H.; Koziol,
Coral reef ecology and distribution 3) Monitoring,C.; Hassanein, H.; Eisinger, M; Mueller, I. and Mueller,
management and protection of coral reefs 4)W.E.G. (2000). Induction of heat-shock (stress)
Coral diseases 5) Acanthaster planci outbreak inprotein gene expression by selected natural and
corals 6) Environmental Impact Assessment 7)anthropogenic disturbances in the octocoral
Coral transplantation for reef rehabilitation 8)Dendronephthya klunzingeri. Journal of
Artificial reef construction (ARCON®) throughExperimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 245:
electrolysis of seawater 9) Design and265-276
management of artificial reefs for fisheries 10)14) Ammar, M.S.A. (2001). Improvement of the
Application of cell culture in coral reef ecologymolecular and physiological behavior of the reef
(work was done in Johannes Guettenbergcoral Stylophora pistillata at Hurghada, Red Sea,
University, Germany) 11) Coral and sponge cellEgypt by using the ARCON substrate. Journal of
culture 12) Molecular biology and immonulogy ofthe Egyptian Academic Soceity for Environmental
corals on the level of proteins, RNA and DNADevelopment, 2(2): 205-219
(Experience was attained in Johannes Guettenber15) Schillak, L.; Ammar, M.S.A.; Mueller, W.E.G.
University, Germany) 13) Sustainable Tourism and(2001). Transplantation of coral species to
Strategic Action Planselectrochemical produced hard substrata:
Main academic and scientific experiences:(Stylophora pistillata Esper, 1797 and Acropora
14) Marine Environmental and Biological Consultinghumilis Dana, 1846), ACP-EU Fisheries Research
15) Coral reef ecology and distribution 16)Report, 10: 68-84. Mombasa, Kenya, 19-22 June
Monitoring, management and protection of coral2000, Brussels
reefs 17) Coral diseases 18) Acanthaster planci16) Ammar, M.S.A. and Mueller, W.E.G. (2001).
outbreak in corals 19) Environmental ImpactExpression of hsp90 in the Red Sea coral
Assessment 20) Coral transplantation for reefStylophora pistillata after experimental exposure
rehabilitation 21) Artificial reef constructionto temperature and sedimentation. Journal of the
(ARCON®) through electrolysis of seawater 22)Egyptian Academic Soceity for environmental
Design and management of artificial reefs forDevelopment, 2(3): 35-45
fisheries 23) Application of cell culture in coral reef17) Ammar, M.S.A. (2001). Impacts of recreational
ecology (work was done in Johannes Guettenbergdives and application of a coral damage index
University, Germany) 24) Coral and sponge cellalong the Egyptian coast of the Red Seq. ACP-EU
culture 25) Molecular biology and immonulogy ofFisheries Research Report, 10: 96-107. Mombasa,
corals on the level of proteins, RNA and DNAKenya, 19-22 June 2000, Brussels
(Experience was attained in Johannes Guettenber18) Ammar, MSA ; Abd El-Gawad, A. A. (2002).
University, Germany) 26) Sustainable Tourism andStandard criteria and sensitivity analysis of marine
Strategic Action Planssites south Marsa Alam, Red Sea, Egypt. A report
Establishing a new scientific or applicable fieldsubmitted to and sponsored by Tourism
Establishing new artificial reefs at Marine BiologicalDevelopment Authority (TDA), Egypt
Stationa, Hurghada which is a new applicable and19) Ammar, M.S.A. (2002). Molecular biological tools
innovated model by which it could be possible toto monitor the environmental stress on corals.
create new fish shelters participating in increase ofThe First Egyptian – International Conference
fish resources, tourism attraction, reducing theon Protected Areas and Sustainable Development.
pressure on natural reefs, in turn participating in23-26 October, 2002, Egypt
sustainable tourism development. The model was20) Ammar, M.S.A. (2003). Quantitative
designed in such a case to overcome one of theassessments of coral communities in two
most important environmental stressdifferent lagoons near Hurghada, Red Sea, Egypt.
(sedimentation). Instead these sediments wereJournal of the Egyptian Academic Soceity for
used in artificial reef creation changed into anEnvironmental Development, 4(1): 1-18
advantage rather than being a disadvantage.21) Mueller, W.E.G.; Krasko, A.; Le Pennec, G.;
?Scientific SupervisionSteffen, R.; Wiens, M.; Ammar, M.S.; Mueller, I.M.
1- Ph.D. proposed by: Mohammed Said Ismail,and Schroeder, H.C. (2003). Molecular mechanism
National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries,of spicule formation in the demosponge Suberites
Red Sea Branch Title: The role of algae in the lifedomuncula: silicatein-collagen-myotrophin. Progress
of corals Faculty of Science, South Valleyin Molecular and Subcellular Biology, 33: 195-221
University. Registered, 1999, …… Student22) Wiens, M.; Luckas, B; Bruemmer, F; Ammar,
passed away before awarding the degreeM.S.A.; Steffen, R; Batel, R; Diehl-Seifert, B.;
2- M.Sc. proposed by Montaser Ali Mohamed,Schroeder, H.C; Mueller, W.E.G. (2003). Okadaic
National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheriesacid: a potential defense molecule for the sponge
Title: Coral reefs: distribution, impacts andSuberites domoncula. Marine Biology, 142: 213-223
rehabilitation in three sites at Hurghada, Safaga23) Le Pennec, G; Perovic, S.; Ammar, M.S.A.;
and Marsa Alam, Red Sea, Egypt ZoologyGrebenjunk, V.A.; Steffen, R.; Bruemmer, F.;
Department, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch.Mueller, W.E.G. (2003). Cultivation of primorphs
Awarded, 2005from the marine sponge Suberites domuncula:
3- Diploma, proposed by Jessica Boumeester,morphogenetic potential of silicon and iorn. Journal
Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University Deof Biotechnology, 100: 93-108
Lausanne, Switzerland Title: What determine the24) Ammar, M.S.A. (2004). Zonation of coral
quality and attractiveness of coral reefs? A studycommunities and environmental sensitivitiy
on the reefs of Dahab, South Sinai, Egypt Facultyoffshore a resort site at Marsa Alam, Red Sea,
of Biology and Medicine, University De Lausanne,Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Zoology, 42: 67-81
Switzerland. Awarded, 200525) Ammar, M.S.A and Emmara, A.M. (2004).
4- M.Sc. proposed by Amgad MohammedPopulation studies on corals and other
Sha’aban, National Institute of Oceanographymacrobenthic invertebrates in two flooded sites
and Fisheries Title: Effect of human activities onand a sheltered site around Ras Baghdadi, Red,
the status of coral reefs in some sites of the RedEgypt. Journal of the Egyptian German Soceity of
Sea Zoology Department, Faculty of Science,Zoology, 45(D): 217-232
Suez Canal University, Egypt. Awarded, 200826) Ammar, M.S.A. and Mahmoud, M.A. (2004).
5- Ph.D. proposed by Montaser Ali Mohamed,Distribution and space monopolization by corals in
National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries,the middle reef, at Hurghada Research Station,
Hurghada Marine Station Title: Patterns ofRed Sea, Egypt. Journal of the Egyptian Academic
bleaching and fertility of the two Red Sea coralsSoceity for Environmental Development (D:
Stylophora pistillata and Acropora humilis asEnvironmental Studies), 5(2): 69-83
biomonitors of environmental impacts. Zoology27) Ammar, M.S.A. and Mahmoud, M.A. (2005). A
Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University,new innovated and cheep model in building artificial
Egypt. Still registeredreefs. Egyptian Journal for Aquatic Research, 31(1):
Conferences and workshops:105-118
1) 2009: Workshop on: Presenting the results of28) Ammar, M.S.A. (2005). An alarming threat to
the environmental studies of the rsearch plans forthe Red organ pipe coral Tubipora musica and
sites of the Egyptian coast of the Red Sea andsuggested solutions. Ecological Research, 20(5):
Gulfs of Suez and Aqaba (results of winter, 2009).529-535
Task: Sharing chairmanship, presenting the results29) Ammar, M.S.A.; Mohammed, T.A. and
of the Gulf of Aqaba (coral reefs and associatedMahmoud, M.A. (2005). Skeletal density (strength)
fauna and flora). Tuesday, 12/05/2009.of some corals in an actively flooding and a non
2) 2009: Workshop on the methodologies used inflooding site south Marsa Alam, Red Sea, Egypt.
Marine Studies, National Institute of OceanographyJournal of the Egyptian German Soceity of
and Fisheries, Egypt. Task: Presenting theZoology, 46(D): 125-139
methods used in monitoring, management and30) Ammar, M.S.A. (2005). Status, recruitments
survey of coral reef studies, February, Marchand diseases of stony corals at Wadi El-Gemal
2009.and North Qol’aan, Marsa Alam, Red Sea,
3) 2008: Workshop for presentation andEgypt. Journal of the Egyptian Academic Soceity
discussion of the results of environmental studiesfor Environmental Development, 6(1): 93-109
for scientific projects in the frame of the31) Ammar, M.S.A. and Hamed, M.A. (2006).
strategy of Marine Environmental Branch, NationalMolecular studies on the effect of germanium
Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries. Task:oxide on sponges, corals and ascidians. Pakistan
Presenting the strategy of the Gulf of Aqaba, 28Journal of Marine Sciences, 15(2): 185-192
12/200832) Ammar, M.S.A. and Mahmoud, M.A. (2006).
4) 2008: Second Intenational Conference onEffect of physico-chemical factors and human
Aquatic Resources “Integrated Coastal Zoneimpacts on coral distribution at Tobia Kebir and
Management and Sustainable Development”,Sharm El-Loly, Red Sea, Egypt. Egyptian Journal
Alexandria, Egypt (24-27 November 2008). Task:for Aquatic Research, 32(1): 184-197
Presenting the manuscript "Assessment of33) Ammar, M.S.A.; Boumeester, J.; Riegl, B;
present status and future needs of four coralHausser, J.; keck, A. (2006). Possible causes,
reef sites along the Gulf of Aqaba, Egypt".consequences of changes and future of coral
5) 2007: Advanced course on: Design andreefs in Dahab, Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea, Egypt.
management of artificial reefs for fisheries, held inInternational Conference on Aquatic Resources:
Zaragoza, Spain from 7 to 11 May 2007,Needs and Benefits, Sheraton, Alexandria, Egypt /
organized by the International Center forEgyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, Vol.32
Advanced Mediterranean Agaronomic Studies(Special Issue): 160-179
(CIHE, AM), through the Mediterranean34) Ammar, M.S.A. (2007). Recovery patterns of
Agaronomic Institute of Zaragoza (IAMZ), and thecorals at Shabror Umm Gam'ar, Hurghada, Red
ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAPA)Sea, Egypt, after the 1998 outbreak of
of Spain through the General Secretariat ofAcanthaster planci. Zoology in the Middle East, 40:
Maritime Fisheries (SCPM)97-104
6) 2007: First Scientific Workshop on: Goods and35) Ammar, M.S.A. (2007). Goods and benefits of
Benefits of the Ecosystems in Egypt, Academythe coral reef ecosystem in the Red Sea, Egypt.
of Scientific Research and Technology, TheFirst Scientific Workshop on: Goods and Benefits
National Committee for Conservation of Natureof the Ecosystems in Egypt, Academy of
and Natural Resources, Cairo, 13 January, 2007Scientific Research and Technology, The National
7) 2007: Lecturer in the second workshop on:Committee for Conservation of Nature and
Coral Reefs and Associated Fauna and Flora in theNatural Resources, Cairo, 13 January, 2007
Red Sea, Economical Values and Protection.36) Jameson, S.C.; Ammar, M.S.A.; Saadallah, E.;
Workshop was organized by IOI-Egypt, NIOF,Mostafa, H.M. and Riegl, B. (2007). A quantitative
Hurghada, Egypt, 9-10 Sep. 2007ecological assessment of diving sites in the
8) 2006 : International Conference on AquaticEgyptian Red Sea during a periode of severe
Resources: Needs and Benefits, Sheraton,anchor damage: a baseline for restoration and
Alexandria, Egyptsustainable tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism,
9) 2006: Lecturer in the first workshop on: Coral15(3): 309-323
Reefs and Associated Fauna and Flora in the Red37) Ammar, M.S.A.; Ghobashi, A.A.; Omran, M.A.
Sea, Economical Values and Protection. Workshopand Shaaban, A.M. (2007). Status of coral reefs
was organized by IOI-Egypt, NIOF, Hurghada,affected by different impacts in some sites of
Egypt, 22-24 May 2006 10) 2005: Regionalthe Red Sea. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic
workshop on: “Uses of new and renewableResearch, 33(1): 224-237
energy from 8/5/2005 to 10/5/2005 held in Nile38) Ammar, M.S.A; Emara, A.M.; Perovic, S.;
center for information, Suez, EgyptWiens, M.; Billinghurst, Z.; Mueller, I.; Mueller, W.E.G.
11) 2004: Participation in the workshop on: The(2007). Cell culture from two Red Sea benthic
use of geographical information system forinvertebrates: a case study on the soft octocorals
serving the environment in AlexandriaDendronephthya klunzingeri and Anthelia glauca.
governorate. National Institute of OceanographyEgyptian Journal for Aquatic Research, 33(3):
and Fisheries, Alexandria, 3/1/200439-51
12) 2002: The First Egyptian Conference on39) Ammar, MSA (2007). Ideal Use of Coral
Protected Areas and Sustainable Development:Reefs, MSA Ammar Ed. A brochure produced for
Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt. 23-26 October, 2002the National Institute of Oceanography and
13) 2000: Internationl Symposium on the ExtentFisheries, Suez Branch. Prepared in three
of Coral Reef Bleaching, 5-9 February, Riyadh,languages (German, English and Arabic)
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia40) Ammar, MSA (2007). Assessment of Marine
14) 2000: EU-Workshop: Policy options for theLife at Abu-Madd and Abu-Elmanasek at Ras
sustainable use of coral reefs and associatedBanas, Red Sea, Egypt; A Baseline for Future
coastal ecosystem, Mombasa Reef Hotel, Kenya,Development. A Report Submitted to Life Red
19-22 June, 2000Sea/Chemonics International/USAID.
15) 2000: Lecturer in the Red Sea program junior41) Ammar, M.S.A (2008). Identifying Sensitive
course hold in Marine Science Station, Aqaba,Resources or Key Resources of Some Lagoons
Jordan, 27 February - 8 March, 2000South Marsa Alam, Red Sea, Egypt, (A Baseline
16) 1998: Proceeding of the 8th Internationalfor Insuring Provision of Appropriate Types and
Conference on “Environmental Protection is aLevels of Tourist Uses). A Report Submitted to
Must”, 5-7 May, Sheraton, Alexandria, EgyptLife Red Sea/Chemonics International/USAID.
Sharing Book Compilation42) Ammar, M.S.A (2009). Assessment of
1) Ammar, MSA (2007). Ideal Use of Coral Reefs,Present Status and Future Needs of Four Coral
MSA Ammar Ed. A brochure produced for theReef Sites Along the Gulf of Aqaba, Egypt. The
National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries,Open Environmental Pollution & Toxicology Journal,
Suez Branch and prepared in three languages1: 34-42
(German, English and Arabic)43) Ammar, M.S.A (2009). Coral Reef Restoration
2) Mueller, W.E.G.; Krasko, A.; Le Pennec, G.;and Artificial Reef Management, Future and
Steffen, R.; Wiens, M.; Ammar, M.S.; Mueller, I.M.Economics.
and Schroeder, H.C. (2003). Molecular mechanism