Environment Problem

INTRODUCTIOIN				the audience; they will also require a lot of
Environment problem have become an issue in				economic resources. The major problem with
the world due to the adverse effects associated				these methods is that most of them can only be
with it. The results have affected all the living				taught to literates, since most of the less
things and the non living thing, the major effect				developed countries are faced with high illiteracy
being observed in the climatic changes due to the				levels them implementation will be a problem.
emission of the greenhouse gases. Since this has				The local governments can set by laws to restrict
become a problem in all parts of the world,				the companies and other firms to set a maximum
addressing the problem has become a necessity.				levels of pollution beyond which they should fined,
ENVIROMENTAL PROBLEMS IN SUB-SAHARA				law can also be set to restrict the production of
AFRICA				some products, e.g. production of some wood
Most of the 47 countries in the sub Sahara				products which contribute to deforestation. The
depend directly on the natural resources for their				major problem is that this can face some
social and economic needs; this is because two				resistance from these in power especially if they
third of the population live in the rural areas, more				own these industries. Controlling these industries
so, they also depend on agriculture. Environment				can affect the employment and cause some
degradation is has become a major obstacle for				economic loss to the respective individual and the
development the region, this is because of the				industries in the respective countries.
water pollution, air pollution, soil pollution and decline				Countries which produce carbon emissions as a
in the biodiversity in the region. Though means of				result of oil production can reduce this by
curbing the problems have been developed,				developing gas to liquid industry to reduce flaring
implementing them remains issues since these				of carbon emissions. All this require a country to
countries are poverty ridden.				have a strong economic muscle because it comes
Air pollution in sub Sahara Africa				along with cost.
Most of the air pollution in the sub Sahara				The countries can to agreements and treaties
countries comes from the natural gases, this is				which are meant to curb environment degradation.
because instead of finding better use of the				Countries can also join the already existing
carbon produced during the oil production, the				treaties like the Kyoto Protocol which fight against
carbon ends up being burnt in to the atmosphere				global warming, these international agreement
in form of carbon dioxide. The World Bank				control the member countries on issues
estimates that the quantity of carbon flared is				concerning the environment issues. A major set
20% of the energy the region uses per day.				back with these agreements is that countries
Since carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas it's				whose economies are affected by these treaties
believed to be a major cause of the air pollution.				may deliberately not sign the treaty, e.g. as did
The natural gas in the sub Sahara countries,				the US on the Kyoto Protocol.
Nigeria, Angola, Cameroon and Gabon is said be				Oil which is a major pollutant of marine
readily available therefore making air pollution a				ecosystem due to spillage during transportation
major problem in these countries. Nigeria which is				can be transported in better ways which cab
the leading consumer of the commercial energy is				detect the chances of spillage at it primary level.
working on developing a gas-to-liquids industry and				Unsustainable practices such as poaching, excess
expanding their liquefied natural gas trade to				fishing, directing the industrial wastes in to the
reduce flaring.				catchments areas should be made Illegal practices.
Causes				All these control measures will depend on the
The major reason for the continuous air pollution				willingness of the government in power and the
is because these countries us the non-				efficiency of the implementing bodies.
commercial fuel in large scale, these fuels are				HOW ASIA HAS TRIED TO CONTROL
used in both rural and urban areas. Africa is the				ENVIROMENTAL PROBLEMS AND THE OUTCOME.
largest user of the biomass energy; these include				Asian countries are blessed with a great
charcoal, agricultural residues, firewood and animal				ecosystem which is responsible for their high
residues.				production of rice in the region, however, the
Another major cause of air pollution is the				biodiversity is being threatened the growing
increasing process of industrialization as a result of				population which has resulted to the monsoon
globalization; this comes along with increase in				forests being threatened by deforestation which
number of industries which emit carbon dioxide in				in result to increased rate of global warming.
to atmosphere.				Increased growth of the industrial sector has a
Deforestation in the sub Sahara Africa				net effect of pollution and this has made access
Central Africa is one of the homes for the natural				for clean water for domestic use a scarce
rain forests. These natural forests act as the				product. The ever growing population has
carbon sinks, meaning that they absorb the				increased demand for more agricultural land hence
carbon emissions from the atmosphere therefore				making deforestation to take place; this has also
reducing the green house effects. Deforestation is				led to over exploitation of the agricultural land
has become a thorn in the flesh in the most sub				since Asia accounts for the 60% of the world
Sahara countries. As result by 2025, most of				population but its only accounts for the 24% of
these countries will suffer from lack of fuel wood				the world area.
deforestation has major effects on the				In the process to control the environment
environment as it result changes in the climatic				problems in Asia, the countries have formed an
conditions over time, there is also loss of				Agro Environment research Consortium; this is
biodiversity and increased soil erosion. Most of the				involved in holding international conferences, doing
deforestation results in areas which have dense				research projects on the environmental issues
population such as the east African highlands and				and setting up of research focal points for
Sahel. Deforestation also results to desertification,				individual themes.
there is also loss in the soil fertility and this				These countries have formed the National
reduces the soils ability to support plant life.				Institute for Agro Environment Sciences [NIAES]
Deforestation results climatic changes which is				which was formed in 1983 with its major
mostly associated with many adverse effects				objectives are;
which include reduction in rainfall and increased				Being managing and assessing the environmental
rate of desertification which in turn results to				issues
downstream flooding, reduced water quality and				Elucidating and managing the structure and
sedimentation in rivers and lakes. It also can lead				function of the agro ecosystems.
to dust storms, air pollution and related health				Basic studies to elucidate agro ecosystem
problems but all these are the net effects of				functionality
deforestation.				NIAES does collaboration with other Asian
Causes of deforestation The main causes of				countries who share paddy rice agriculture food
deforestation is mans activities, these activities				production platform and cultural and land
includes clearing land for either agricultural use or				connection. Several memorandum of
for settlement. Man also harvests the wood				understanding have been signed to control the
without planting trees to replace the harvested				environment problems, especially the problem of
ones				carbon emission which is a global issue.
STRATEGIES AGAINIST THESE NEGATIVE				Several benefits can long with these agreements,
ENVIROMENT AL DEGRADATION AND THEIR				they create a net work which will provide for an
APPLICATION				organized contribution for international framework
One way to control the environmental problems is				such as the intergovernmental panel for climate
by a country adopting hydroelectrically power and				change the international geosphere biosphere
renewable sources of power. Other sources of				programmed. The results of these project findings
energy are the hydroelectric power, geothermal,				are pasted on the website hence providing
wind power and solar power. Though this is				information to countries and general public on
expensive for most third world countries because				ways to prevent environment degradation.
of the limited resources, they are better ways to				However this project and activities have been
manage these problems of environmental				faced with problems which have made them not
degradation. These projects require a well				to be 100% effective. Though they have been
prepared project proposal so that the				implemented partially, they have faced problems
beneficiaries can be funded. Implementation of				like lack of an efficient implementing team, risks
such projects is faced with some difficulties as				associated with terrorism in Asia e.g. in Pakistan
there problems which can along with the				and lack of sufficient fund or delayed funding;
construction of hydroelectric power station. These				these proposals also take long to be drawn.
problems include displacement of some				The net effect of these practices is the
communities, destruction of some catchments				sustainable management of the environment
areas, destroy some fishing grounds and bring				though some people have criticized some findings
some water borne diseases like cholera and				of the research proposals.
become a breeding site for mosquitoes and other				CONCLUSION
parasites.				Environment management is a key issue in the
Public awareness is also a way to control				world which needs to be addressed by all the
environmental problems. This is where the public is				nation for the sake of mankind, this is because
taught the negative effects of some practices like				the on going trend of environment degradation will
cutting of trees. The methods applied include use				result extinction of the biodiversity, some of the
of media, public gathering, and method				biodiversity which is essential for the survival of
demonstration or may be use of lectures. All				mankind ones they become extinct, man will also
these methods require to be well presented to				pursue extinction.

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Environment Problem